She's behind you!!

We had booked tickets online for local theatre group, W!ld Rice's, Christmas panto production of Snow White a few weeks before we left Cambodia. Arriving on the evening of the last day of M's school term in Phnom Penh we just managed to make the second to last show, the next day, at the Drama Centre Theatre in the National Library, and we were all so glad we did. Traditionally pantomime, a British tradition, is a raucous comedy involving varying amounts of slap stick, song and dance, cross dressing (the female antagonist is usually played by a guy), a fairy tale or two, veiled (it is a family show) innuendo, audience participation (usually involving small intense voices yelling, in a not so small way, .....'SHES BEEEEHIIINNND YOOOUUU!!....') and in-jokes.

Internationally Singapore is known for its 'strict' rules around the behaviour and conduct of its occupants. You can be fined if you are caught spitting, jaywalking (although on any given day in downtown Orchard Road you may be forgiven for thinking this rule is merely a rumour), littering, eating on the MRT, bringing durians (a truely memorably odourous fruit) on any public transport or into many hotels, leaving water pooled in gutters, washing poles, plant saucers etc ('If they breed you will bleed'), forgetting to flush the loo and peeing in elevators (hmmm, if you actually need a rule to prevent this....).

It is no secret and completely by design that there are rules so strict around public assembly, the freedom of speech and protesting they make these human rights prohibitive. Many forms of the media are still heavily censored and favour the government. The Peoples Action Party, the government of Singapore since 1959, has been known to use Singapores defamation laws to bankrupt those who dare criticize them. Those seen as a threat have been held without trial, in some cases, for years. In 2000 the government of Singapore reluctantly designated an area known as the 'speakers corner' in Hong Lim Park. The Straits Times reported that Wong Kan Seng, Home Affairs Minister, told the Opposition at the time “Actually we don't think it's a good idea but if that's what is wanted and if we can manage the risk, we will provide for it. We'll let you try it out.” The project was intended to give the impression that Singaporeans are not devoid of their democratic rights, as is often asserted by other 'democratic' nations of the world. Anyone wanting to use the spot had to register with the police (since September this year you can do this online on the National Parks website), show their ID and provide their own soap box. They should not touch on issues such race and religion or anything that can be deemed to promote violence or could be considered libelous or slanderous to any government ministers and content should be kept clean.

Where am I going with this you may well ask?

Right back to the Enchanted Kingdom of Snow White where for two and a half hours each night from the 26th of November till the 20th of December and twice on Saturday and Sunday all bets were off. The audience gleefully tittered, giggled and down right roared as line after clever line poked fun at Singapores quirks and foibles and it’s very own English dialect, Singlish. It soon became obvious that the Queen, with serious control issues and a penchant for calling in a lawyer, was intended to resemble Singapore’s esteemed leader disguised in colourful creations of taffeta and lace and an enviable singing voice. The 'speakers corner' was the least human populated area of the enchanted kingdom where Snow White went to escape the clutches of her selfish step mother and feed the cute wild animals of the kingdom (the not so cute ones live in the ‘Outer Limits’ with the dirt, rubbish and the 7 ugly ‘dwarves’ disfigured by the single mandatory enhancement surgery every citizen received at 18). The Queen who always won the heavily rigged annual election...opps I mean beauty contest.... and maintained her status of the ‘fairest in all the land’ by using government taxes to pay herself a million dollar salary, which she then used for further enhancement surgery, soon became aware that she had a rival in the beauty stakes. Someone so perfect she didn’t need the mandatory enhancement surgery. She forced the government doctor to agree to disfigure the physically perfect Snow White but he chickened out and instead helped Snow White escape to the Outer Limits where she discovered things weren’t quite so grimy and ugly as she and all the other citizens of the Enchanted Kingdom, had been led to believe. There was of course a charming prince, a mouthy and painfully (for some) honest mirror and a very Singaporean nanny. The animals of the Singapore zoo even made an appearance in what was such an entertaining production we will most certainly be looking out for more of W!ld Rices offerings this coming year(which include a version of one of my favourite plays 'The importance of being Earnest' by an all male cast) and will definately be in the audience of next years panto.

Home soon

M and I are still in Singapore having a very different Christmas....I'll tell you more when we get home.

39

Its the 17th of december today and its my birthday.

I am



today.


This according to this site this was the number one song on my birthday the year I was born.

A busy weekend

Saturday was International Day at ISPP. This used to be a bit of a non affair for the kiwis with a possible small showing at the parade of nations. Two years ago this all changed. The call went out and kiwis stepped foward from beneath the fog of their busy Phnom Penh lives to perform, entertain and feed.

This year a choreographed medley of waiata a ringa.....

...swishing, whirling poi....

.......and a thunderous and fiercesome haka.....

...was put to a background of New Zealands best scenery and a contemporary rendition of 'E papa waiari' played on two prominently placed flat screens.

After the performances we fed the crowd with New Zealand ice cream and popcorn and enticed them into our Kiwi movie theatre to watch some of New Zealands best ads and a montage of our New Zealand photos featuring members of the crew put to 'Melting pot' by When the cats away.




A exhausting day filled with comraderie, laughter and kiwiness was enjoyed by all.


That night was the opening night, of a three show run, of the Christmas Panto 'Aladdin under the sea' by the Phnom Penh Players. It had been an intense lead up with a couple of months of rehearsals and preparation in a leisurely manner followed by two weeks of almost nightly rehearsals for M who played Aladdins best friend Zac and hours in the car going back and forth and copious coffees while waiting in cafes for homework to be finished, because there is not enough time between school and stage to battle the war that is the traffic between town and home, for me. But it was all worth it in the end because M was made for the stage and well panto is christmas. We take what we can get when living in a country where there isnt a day off on the 25th!

M hamming it up with widow Twanky.....

.....and his 'girlfriend' Daz




The cast of Aladdin under the sea' Christmas 2008

Later that night our driver told us that he and M had been in the car on saturday morning (racing home to get the New Zealand music I had left behind) when he heard three gun shots just behind them. He pulled to the shoulder, crawling slowly. A split second later a moto with two boys speeds past with a police car full of gun totting thugs...opps sorry I meant policemen... on their exhaust filled tail. This hot on the heels of a similar incident in the land where the gun is law where the 'robbers' eventually turned on their uniformed pursuers in the middle of the road and fired back. Everyone has a gun here it seems. J has already been 'shown' a pistol (similar to being shown who is boss).....gun comes out of glovebox, is stroked and bullets checked, replaced then gun is bedded back down into its 'drawer' owner satisfied J has been reminded that....The Gun Is Law in Cambodia. I guess thats why we get a weeks 'hardship' leave, even the police don't routinely carry guns in New Zealand.

Dancing in 42 different countries

Have you seen this? It's doing the rounds at the moment but I hadnt stopped and watched until today. I'm glad I did because I smiled the whole way through. I have always thought of dancing as soul food and judging by the laughter and giggles you can hear in this video it it is for a lot of other people too.
The colours in it are amazing too.


Where the Hell is Matt? (2008) from Matthew Harding on Vimeo.

Grow a mo

This is Tom James, from Auckland. Chosen out of 171 252 Movember moustaches he is the first New Zealander to win the International Man of Movember 2008. He was selected for the honour for his moustache and for his dedication to the Movember cause.

Movember is a moustache growing event the goal of which is to raise awareness and money for mens health issues specifically for prostate cancer research and support services, and the Mental Health Foundation's "Out of The Blue" programme to help men with depression. According to the website 'men lack awareness about the very real health issues they face. There is an attitude that they have to be tough - "a real man" - and are reluctant to see a doctor about an illness or go for regular medical checks.

Movember aims to change these attitudes and make men's health fun by putting the Mo back on the face of New Zealand men in support of two critically important causes.'

So far this year, New Zealand has raised $760,000 for Movember a figure down on previous years due to the 'global economic crisis'.

I'm not a big fan of facial hair on males or females but since its a such a good cause....

Human Rights Day is a holiday...

(Eleanor Roosevelt with the Spanish version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from amnestyinternational.wordpress.com)

On the 10th of December 1948, still reeling from the aftermath of World War II, the General Assembly of the United Nations voted, 48 in favour, none against and 8 obstentions, to adopt the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. That was 60 years ago today.

Have you read the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? It is the most translated document in the world and you can see 337 different language versions here or you can watch this elegant version created by New Yorker Seth Brau of CoolHunting for the Human Rights Action Centre. It effectively spells out in a beautiful typographic symphony all of the declaration's 30 articles in less than five minutes to a rift from 'Minds awake' by Rumspringer.



Despite the fact that many countries have adopted some of the declarations principles (such as the right to equal protection before the law or the right not to be tortured) in their constitutions, law courts have referenced them, citizens have relied upon them for protection and every country that joins the United Nations agrees to abide by them...many do not. Amnesty International's annual status report says that people are still being tortured or maltreated in at least 81 countries. That in 54 states people face unfair trial and in at least 77 nations they do not have the freedom to speak out. It singles out nations such as China, Russia and the United States for their failure to adhere to particular freedoms and rights promised under the declaration as well as current 'hotbeds' such as the Congo, Darfur, Zimbabwe, Somalia, Gaza, Iraq and Myanmar. It calls Western governments 'impotent', 'ambivalent' and 'reluctant' when it comes to taking on some of the 'world's worst human rights crises'.

Cambodia has a horrific history with regard to human rights and although things are better today there are still significant human rights violations. Government employees torture, injure, kill, rape and illegally detain. Government officials routinely confiscate or prevent access to personal property, land, farming or fishing sites. Political killings occur during elections. Political opponents are threatened and intimidated, so too are human rights workers in some remote provinces. Impunity for government and the monied or connected is a 'rampant problem'. Child labour is a very real and common problem as is violence towards women that is not addressed by the court system.

In Cambodia today is a holiday. In the past the government has vetoed public celebrations but this year the Minister of Interior Sar Kheng stepped in. Since 'Cambodia is a signatory of this convention (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)' he ordered the Phnom Penh governor to facilitate whatever events were planned in a letter. A coalition of NGO's called Friends of December 10th have organised events designed to 'mark human rights achievements and also to shed light on rights violations in Cambodia' symbolically tied together with a blue krama (traditional Khmer scarf) and a common theme titled 'We All Need Freedom and Justice.'


In Battambang, at least 1,000 people are expected to fly balloons.

In Banteay Meanchey province, 500 tuk-tuk and mototaxi drivers will gather for a solidarity concert.

In Phnom Penh, 5000 people are expected to march from Wat Lanka to Wat Botum.


On another related note the day before yesterday it was reported that government and NGO leaders have agreed to form an independent human rights body, the first of it's kind, to help tackle Cambodia’s 'law of the gun.'

'The problem in Cambodia is that no human rights body is independent and fair,' Pa Nguon Teang, secretary-general of the Cambodia Working Group (CWG) for an ASEAN Human Rights Mechanism, said. 'Corruption is widespread in Cambodia's courts, which have failed to enforce human rights laws.'

Its a small but significant step forward.

When I grow up I want to be just like you!

Like it or not if you are a parent you are a role model.

It may not seem like it sometimes but your children look up to you. My children look up to me. It's a huge responsibility. I'm not even anyone special; I don't save lives for a living, I haven't written anything outstanding, I haven't discovered anything groundbreaking... but wait .....

I have helped create two amazing boys, boys who are fast becoming men, men who I hope have learned, from me and their father, to be respectful and caring, upright and honest, curious and enquiring.

I hope they have learned that EVERY person they meet can teach them something and that maybe they too have something they can teach that person. That EVERY person they meet is as important as they are.

I hope they have learned to clean up after themselves, to treat the world where ever they are as if it were their own home and to leave enough for someone else even if it looks as if they are the last person to use it, eat it,drink it, need it.

I hope they have learned that their bodies are their temples and as such they deserve the greatest respect and that their neighbours and friends, mates and strangers have temples too which are just as valuable and as valued as their own.

I hope they have learned that it is not what you have in life but who you have that makes you rich.

I hope they have learned that maturity has more to do with the kinds of experiences you have had, and what you have learned from them. Not with how many birthdays you have had or the number of framed diplomas on your wall.


And I hope they have learned that we are all responsible for our own actions even if we were drunk or angry, tempted or pressured, pushed or coerced. I hope they have learned that people make mistakes and that forgiveness is important even if it's yourself you need to forgive.






I hope they know that I'm still learning too and that they are my teachers and that I am so proud of them and of the people they have become. My father once told me that you never really know if you have done a good job being a parent until you meet your children as adults and that it so true. I can't wait to see what else they have in store.

Lucky Miles

(from blinkfilms.com)

Last Night we went to a screening of the Australian film 'Lucky Miles' at Lux, a local movie theatre (with special appearances by the theatre cat who strolled across the stage in fron of the big screen a couple of time completely oblivious to the huge looming desert behind her or to the house full of noisy restless cinema goers). We found a park outside, paid for our 1500 riel parking ticket, climbed the steps to the second floor and the 'premium seating' carefully chosing seats within blowing distance of a fan and sat gingerly on the surprisingly comfortable but ancient seats that settled back just far enough to make you wonder whether they would take the weight of a full sized barang for a full length feature. There was a preview on screen of a Cambodian horror and I dont use that term lightly it was indeed horrifying and playing so loud even thinking was not an option. Eventually it finished and we settled in to the opening scenes of Lucky Miles played using Michael James Rowland, the Adelaide writer directors, personal copy on 35mm film reel the only medium the cinema is equiped to play.

(from istockphoto.com)

Inspired by true stories the film tells the tale of two men dumped with a group of Iraqi and Cambodian refugees, by a Indonesian smuggling boat, on a remote piece of Australia's unforgiving desert coast somewhere between Broome and Perth.

(from eaustraliahotel.com)

They are told by the boats captain, played by long haired rock star (described by Rolling Stone magazine as the Indonesian 'Bruce Springsteen') Sawung Jabo, that a bus to Perth is 'just over the hill'. 'Just over the hill', however, turns out to be nothing but Baron desert (and no, thats not a spelling mistake). Realising they have been abandoned the men split into their national groups, the Iraqis go one way the Cambodians the other. Soon all but two of the men (one from each camp) have been picked up by the Australian outback police and they are soon joined by the nephew of the boats captain who has accidently, in a scene of karmic comedy, blown up his uncles fishing boat and is now as stranded as their smuggled cargo. Iraqi 'I am a fully qualified structrural engineer' Youssif (played by Lebanese Australian Rodney Afif), Cambodian Arun (played by Filipino American Kenneth Moraleda) and Indonesian Ramelan (played by Indonesian Srisacd Sacdpraseuth) argue and bicker their way across the desert, the fourth and most imposing star in the flick, pursued by three accident prone reservists.

(from afc.gov.au)

The film is beautifully shot, frame after frame of stunning camera angles and incredible scenery. The actors are throughly believable; there is plenty of wry humour to drown out the characters harsh past, some joyous victories to counter the various set backs and some beautiful one liners.

Here's the trailer I found on YouTube.

We all really enjoyed the film. It was awesome to watch something on the 'big screen' an opportunity not readily available here in Cambodia that is unless you are into Cambodian horrors played at 110 decibels.

Where elephants weep.

On Saturday night we went to ‘Where elephants weep’ a rock opera that spins a unique twist on Tum Teav, the Cambodian version of Romeo and Juliet. The story line may be classic opera but the music most certainly was not. ‘Where elephants weep’, the brain child of composer Him Sophy, American producer John Burt and librettist Catherine Filloux, capably mixes the high pitched nasal wailing of traditional Khmer vocals, a keening buffalo horn, the rippling rhythmic mass of a reinvented roneat pluah (a traditional Cambodian xylophone adapted to its task with an added row of gongs and an extra set of mallets) and the sombre moan of bamboo flutes with the smoky pulse of the base guitar and the familiar rifts of a rock drum beat.

The story goes that two young Cambodian Americans, refugees from the Khmer Rouge genocide, have returned to Cambodia to reconnect with their spiritual roots by becoming novice Monks for a few months. Sam, who was a successful music producer for Sony, is finding the change and the memories particularly tough and leans on his more grounded friend, Dara. Then he meets Bopha, a beautiful but already betrothed Cambodian pop singer with an arrogant, ladder climbing, gangster, businessman for a brother and things get really tricky. When Sams request to disrobe is denied he does it anyway and goes in search of the exquisite Bopha. He finds her, sleeps with her, nearly loses her, nearly loses himself, finds himself again, loses Dara, finds Bopha who has found herself and finally in true operatic style releases Bopha to be herself, all for love.

Most of the lyrics were in American accented English with subtitles in both Khmer and English. The production, which took a stunning 7 years to come to fruition, was professional and polished. It began at the Cambodian Living Arts Centre in Lowell, Massachusetts (where a significant number of Cambodians settled after escaping their war torn homeland in the late 70’s and early 80’s) where a dedicated bunch of both Cambodian and Americans are working hard at reviving the traditional arts that were all but wiped out by the Khmer Rouge. ‘It's the first opera of mine and Cambodia. With the creation of musical instruments, I am proud of my work,’ said Sophy to the Lowell Sun (April2007). Seen as a ‘bridge between old and new styles’ it is hoped it will indeed spark a rebirth of Cambodian culture especially for it’s displaced. ‘I think when any culture is interrupted by the tragedy of war, it's particularly important to go back and visit those (ancient) traditions, but we are in the 21st century and it's also important to bring those traditions forward,’ offered John Burt after Saturday night’s show.

We certainly enjoyed the experience and will definitely be on the lookout for more. In the meantime we will be in the audience for the Phnom Players Christmas panto entitled “Aladdin under the sea’ and I have just bought tickets for W!ld Rice’s production of ‘Snow White’ in Singapore on the 20th.

After debuting in Lowell in April 2007 the 'Where elephants weep' has finally made its Cambodian premier here at the Chenla Theatre and will run for 6 sell out shows.

I found this on You Tube. It gives you some idea of how it all fit together.

No Christmas?

Christmas is not celebrated here in Cambodia.

There are no decorations, no big trees and no holiday.

Christmas day is just like any other working day so yes J will be working.

To make matters worse B too will be working and so will not be making the trip north. He will have Christmas in New Zealand with my family.

It's our first Christmas our little family will be separated and I'm not so sure I'm ready....

So we are going to Singapore the week before Christmas to get our Christmas fill.

Here are a few pictures of Singapore, last year, all dressed up in it's Christmas best.

This is the view from our apartment looking towards the Christmas glow of Orchard Road.

There is months of work and planning involved. Every plaza and mall employs a Christmas design team who spend weeks and the GDP of a small country in an effort to be better dressed than their neighbours.

Tanglin Mall created a Christmas village complete with soapy snow...

Orchard Road drapped itself in shiny baubles and twinkling jewelery.....

Ngee Ann was swathed in masses of fairy lights.....

Takashimaya sprouted a gingerbread house dedicated to the great M &M.....

One mall built an ice rink, flew in some Aussie ice skaters and put on two shows a day....

Even the big guy couldnt resist that!!!

Ngee Ann's tree was a colour coordinated 3 floors high.....

While Paragon chose huge couture reindeer......

and an even bigger bejeweled tree.

But the biggest tree belonged to Vivocity, so grand it had a special place on rhe rooftop garden.

I wonder what we'll find this year?

Wisdom

One of my heroes is the Archbishop Desmond Tutu.





Described by Nelson Mandela as 'sometimes strident, often tender, never afraid and seldom without humour...' Tutu speaks the truth with an astuteness and perception that comes not just with age and life experience but with real understanding. Tutu has at times been refered to as 'South Africa's moral conscience' although his voice, a voice of reason, a voice of certainty and optimism is also a global voice of wisdom.



He was the person photographer Andrew Zuckerman went to when he was creating his new work, 'Wisdom'. A diverse group of actors, politicians, activists and artists are photographed using bright white light against a white background in an attempt to take them out of their careers, the things they are famous for and illuminate their individual presence and their words which become powerful in the ordinaryness of it all. I was and still am captivated not just by their words but by their voices, their accents, their wrinkles, their eyes and their expressions.



What do you think?

Khmer Gold

The Spider and the Silkworm

Having received an order for twenty yards of silk from the Princess Lioness, the Silkworm sat down at her loom and began to work. She worked slowly and deliberately but with great ardour and passion. Spider soon came around and asked to hire a web-room nearby.

The Silkworm agreed, and the Spider began to spin and weave with great speed. She worked so fast that in a short time the web was finished. "Just look at it," she said, “see how grand and intricate it is. You cannot but acknowledge that I'm a much better worker than you. See how quickly I was able to finish."

"Yes," answered the Silkworm, "but your work is designed only as base traps, and they are destroyed whenever they are seen, and brushed away as useless dirt. Mine are stored away, as ornaments of Royalty."
Aesop Fables

While we were up in Siem Reap we were invited to visit a silk farm owned by some friends. It was quite a way out of Siem Reap towards Banteay Srei, the last part of the trip was on a muddy crevasse filled road that has been rendered almost impassable by the huge trucks that dominate it every day. It seems even to get to the silk farm required significant skill and hopefully a four wheel drive.

Sericulture, the art of raising silk producing silkworms, has been an industry for so long the moths have evolved to become flightless and completely dependent on humans for food and reproduction. Silk weaving in Cambodia has a long distinguished history dating back to Angkorian times. Stone carvings record stories of textiles traded for land and slaves, and fabrics, the details of which are suggestive of the same motifs and symbols used today. There is evidence silks were used to, and still often are, clothe Angkor’s sculptured deities. During its peak Cambodia was a trading centre along the famous Silk Route between China and India.

Sericulture in Cambodia is primarily and proudly done by women and is a skill often handed down through families. This was however halted by the Khmer Rouge who completely obliterated the industry and destroyed all but 15 hectares of vital mulberry bushes, the food of the silkworm. Once peace and stability returned to the region various attempts were been made to revive the industry. Much of the inherited knowledge was gone, women had to relearn the art of silk making. In 2006 the revitalised silk industry was estimated to be worth about four million in export dollars with an impressive five year goal of 25 million. Exported silk goes primarily to France, Italy, Japan and Switzerland, Australia, Germany and Singapore. Our friend has shown her silk in France and has had interest from some pretty swanky designers.

The Cambodian silk worm is indigenous to Cambodia and like its Chinese counterpart is raised on the mulberry bush. The mulberry, the Khmer silkworms prefer, has a smaller leaf which means more plants are needed to sustain the worm until it reaches its cocoon stage.

Worms are raised on trays like these. Everything is raised off the floor and the tray legs sit in containers of water to protect the worms and helpless moths from predators.

Thousands of silkworm eggs are placed on sheets of paper like this until they hatch.

The silkworm eggs hatch into tiny black worms who gorge themselves on young tender mulberry leaves so their hatching must time with the availability of the new leaves. They eat and grow multiplying to 10 000 times their hatched size. They turn from black to gray and then white moulting 4 times as they grow.

Equal numbers of male and female moths are placed in a container to mate. On the left of the picture are some spent moths. On the right if you look closely you can see a huge hole in one of the cocoons. Look at their beautiful colour though!!

When they are ready to cocoon a tray is placed over the worms, which they attach themselves to, and then they begin to spin. The cocoon of the silkworm is spun in one long continuous thread sometimes more than a mile long. When the moth hatches out of the cocoon the thread is broken and thus rendered useless.

Timing is crucial. The cocoons must be plunged into boiling water to kill the moths, before they make a hole in the all important silk thread. The hot water also helps to unravel the long treasure.

A mixture of degummed and 'natural' silk hanging in the spinning shed.

The silk is then degummed to remove the sericin the natural substance that protects the fibre in a similar way to the way lanolin protects wool. This sericin, mostly discarded with the waste water in Cambodia, is often used as a protective protein and antioxidant in hair and skin products, medicines and food and used as a antibacterial coating for air filter filaments and in products such as disposable nappies and wound dressings to protect skin from the natural or artificial fibres of the material.

The ‘washed’ yarn is then spun on homemade wheels and dyed using natural dyes, from bark, berries and fruit, to produce a range of colours that are used in unique designs.

Looms are set up according to the particular pattern of the silk being woven. The loom is 'warped' (strung with the warp threads) and pulled tight. Heddles, in this case white cord you can see in the picture, are used to separate each warp thread. As there is one heddle for each thread of the warp there can be a thousand heddles used for fine or wide warps. The warp threads are strung through the 'eye' of each heddle so that when raised or lowered the heddle brings its warp thread with it. The shaft, the long wooden pole at either end of the heddle, is what is used to move the heddles. The warp is threaded through heddles on different shafts in order to obtain different weave structures. The shaft is raised or lowered according to the pattern. Raising the shaft pulls warp threads up so that the weaver can pass the shuttle with the weft thread on it through the gap.

The girl in the picture above is setting up the heddles and shafts in the correct order so that a particular pattern can be weaved. I find it completely exhausting just thinking about how complicated the set up must be when weaving an intricate design such a brocade pattern.

Some of the girls had their babies with them crawling around the floor or sleeping in a hammock or even at the breast while they were working. They will become the next generation of spinners, stringers and weavers.

The space created between the warp threads as the heddles pull them up and down is called the 'shed'. The weft thread (above) is wound onto a bobbin which is placed into a shuttle. The shuttle is slid through the shed from one side to the other as the weaver moves the shafts and heddles in a mesmerising dance. The raising and lowering sequence of warp threads gives rise to an almost infinite number of possible weave structures from the simplest plain weave to more mind boggling and complex interlacings.

These warp threads are ready for the weaving process to begin.

Some designs, such as ikat, require an extra step where the thread has to be tie died before being woven. Before the warp strings are attached to the loom they are arranged into bundles which are tied and dyed separately. The process is repeated for each colour. We saw girls tying plastic string on threads, strung on a small loom, in an intricate geometrical pattern.

Weaving! This one is a scarf judging by the width of the warp and finished fabric. The girls make bed covers too which are woven on a huge loom with a warp the width of a queen size bed.

A finished ikat. Ikat is an Indonesian word literally meaning to tie or bind indicating the manner in which the pattern is created. A double ikat is when both the warp and the weft threads have been dyed.

These silks are of the cheaper kind, made of white silk, found at the markets in Siem reap and Phnom Penh. It looks as if they are dyed using artificial dyes too but what gorgeous colours!!